KeywordsÄiabetes mellitus has associations with different metabolic conditions and its growing prevalence worldwide is a cause for concern. Treatment with metformin should be stopped before any type of surgery. Metformin should be used carefully in the elderly and in patients who have trauma, fever, surgery, heart failure, impaired kidney or liver functions. This review discusses the possible side effects of metformin, however patients taking metformin may or may not experience any or all of them. The serious side effect of lactic acidosis is rare but can develop because metformin can accumulate. Metformin can adversely affect renal functions of T2DM patients and chronic kidney disease can develop. Metformin can help to avoid complications as a result of high blood glucose, such as diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. Other than glycaemic control, metformin also improves insulin resistance, dysfunction of the endothelium, oxidative stress, and haemostasis and lipid profiles. Metformin helps the body to restore its ability to respond to insulin and is generally a safe and effective treatment. It reduces levels of blood glucose by inhibition of glucose production in the liver. Metformin is an oral biguanide and a first choice anti-hyperglycaemic medication for T2DM. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) needs to be managed with medications along with a healthy lifestyle to stabilize levels of blood glucose.
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